=The shoulder (glenohumeral joint) is a very unique joint in the sense that it permits significant mobility and range of motion. Due to this joint freedom, we are able to pitch a fastball as well as swim rapidly through the water. The excessive motion lends the joint to being a bit unstable, though.
Shoulder Anatomy and Injury
The three bones that form the shoulder joint are secured in place by a number of ligaments, as well as the ever important rotator cuff muscles.
The rotator cuff is comprised of four muscles that combine at the shoulder to form a thick “cuff” over the joint. The rotator cuff has the important job of stabilizing the shoulder as well as elevating and rotating the arm. Each muscle originates on the shoulder blade (scapula) and inserts on the arm bone (humerus). The ball and socket structure is the reason the shoulder is one of the most flexible joints in the body. As a result of this freedom, though, the shoulder is the site of many common injuries. Repetitive overhead motions place the muscles and tendons of the shoulder in a vulnerable position. Therefore, many shoulder injuries occur in people with occupations that require overhead work. Most shoulder injuries can be treated conservatively with rest, ice, mobilization, and physical therapy. However, other shoulder injuries require surgical intervention.