A severe impact — in a car crash, for example — can cause hip fractures in people of all ages. In older adults, a hip fracture is most often a result of a fall from a standing height. In people with very weak bones, a hip fracture can occur simply by standing on the leg and twisting.

Signs and symptoms of a hip fracture include:

• Inability to move immediately after a fall
• Severe pain in your hip or groin
• Inability to put weight on your leg on the side of your injured hip
• Stiffness, bruising and swelling in and around your hip area
• Shorter leg on the side of your injured hip
• Turning outward of your leg on the side of your injured hip

In most cases, a broken kneecap is caused by a direct blow to the front of the knee from a car accident, sports or a fall onto concrete.

Most kneecap fractures occur in people between the ages of 20 and 50.

Symptoms may include:

• Severe pain in and around the kneecap
• Swelling
• Pain when moving the knee in both directions
• Difficulty extending the leg or doing a straight-leg raise
• A deformed appearance of the knee due to the fractured pieces
• Tenderness when pressing on the kneecap

An olecranon fracture usually causes sudden, intense pain and can prevent you from moving your elbow. Other signs and symptoms of a fracture may include:

• Swelling over the “tip” or back of the elbow
• Bruising around the elbow. Sometimes, this bruising travels up the arm towards the shoulder or down the forearm towards the wrist.
• Tenderness to the touch
• Numbness in one or more fingers
• Pain with movement of the elbow or with rotation of the forearm
• A feeling of instability in the joint, as if your elbow is going to “pop out.”

The main symptoms of a frozen shoulder are pain and stiffness that make it difficult or impossible to move it.
If you have frozen shoulder, you’ll likely feel a dull or achy pain in one shoulder. You might also feel the pain in the shoulder muscles that wrap around the top of your arm. You might feel the same sensation in your upper arm. Your pain could get worse at night, which can make it hard to sleep.

You’ll typically go through three phases with a frozen shoulder. Each has its own unique symptoms and timeline.

Freezing stage:

• You develop a pain (sometimes severe) in your shoulder any time you move it.
• It slowly gets worse over time and may hurt more at night.
• This can last anywhere from 6 to 9 months.
• You’re limited in how far you can move your shoulder.